The most common diseases that we face at one time or the other in our life occur as a consequence to harmful microbes such as bacteria and viruses. Although most common diseases can be cured, treatment is most effective when given on time. Some of the frequently occurring diseases in adults and elderly are discussed below:
Common Infectious Diseases
A compromised immune system and living in unsanitary conditions are some of the factors that increase the risk of contracting common infectious diseases. Some of them are given below:
Influenza
This is one of the common diseases in America. More commonly known as seasonal flu, it is caused by a virus that targets the respiratory system. As a result, exposure to this viral infection cause breathing difficulty due to nasal congestion and is followed by body pain, fatigue and high fever. Medical intervention is generally not necessary and with adequate rest, the symptoms may subside within a week. However, if the symptoms do not go away, use of antiviral drugs is recommended to treat influenza.
Cholera
Cholera also comes in the list of common diseases and is frequently diagnosed in people living in central and south America. Cholera is a bacterial infection that invades the small intestine and its symptoms appear in the form of diarrhea. Eating unhygienic food and drinking contaminated water are the primary factors that expose a person to cholera causing virus.
Hepatitis B
The list of common infectious diseases is incomplete without mentioning about hepatitis B. This is a viral infection that attacks the liver and causes jaundice, loss of appetite and nausea. In this condition, liver enlargement takes place and the skin turns yellow. This is a serious viral infection and if timely treatment is ignored, it may lead to liver cancer or liver failure. Intake of antiviral medicines is the first line of treatment for hepatitis B infection.
Common Diseases of the Digestive System
The digestive system is also susceptible to wide range of common diseases. Poor diet and inactive lifestyle are the primary factors that contribute to the development of digestive problems, some of which are mentioned below:
Constipation
This is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. Constipation simply means temporary loss of smooth bowel movement. In this condition, going to the toilet for bowel evacuation is a painful activity. This happens because the fecal matter is hard and hence eliminating it out of the body can bring a lot of discomfort. Drinking plenty of water and including high fiber foods in the diet is an easy home remedy to cure constipation.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea causes frequent bowel movement and is typically marked by defecation of watery stools. This is basically a viral infection that usually subsides on its own without any medical treatment. Staying away from dairy products is often recommended as they aggravate symptoms of diarrhea.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable bowel syndrome is a digestion problem in which the large intestine (colon) is not in a position to work efficiently. This condition typically causes abdominal pain, boating gas, stomach cramps and alternating bouts of diarrhea and constipation. Fortunately IBS is not worrisome as the colon does not suffer from irreversible damage. As the cause of IBS is unknown, taking appropriate medication to relieve symptoms is prescribed.
Stomach Ulcers
A stomach ulcer is an open sore formed by the erosion of a small area in the mucous membrane lining the stomach. The eroded part lining the stomach is often the result of H.pylori infection that typically reduces appetite, eventually leading to weight loss. H.pylori is a bacterium, so the treatment involves taking antibiotics for a stipulated period of time.
Common Diseases in Children
There are some diseases that usually occur just once in a person's lifetime. These ailments commonly strike during childhood and generally do not affect later in life. Some of them are given below:
Chickenpox
Chickenpox is a viral infection that is typically marked by small itchy bumps scattered all over the body. The onset of chickenpox manifests in the form of small pimples that initially appear on abdominal area and then eventually affect the entire body. Usually children in the age group of 12-15 suffer from chickenpox. This is a contagious infection, which easily spreads through air and hence under any circumstances, one should not leave the house, until the symptoms go away. The infection generally lasts for a period of two weeks and does not require any medical treatment.
Whooping Cough
This is a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract that is typically marked by frequent bouts of coughing. In this condition, breathing creates a whooping sound after experiencing severe coughing episode. The onset of whooping cough is characterized by nasal congestion, watery eyes and dry cough and over time, the child suffers from phlegm producing cough and fatigue. Loud frequent coughing spells is a characteristic feature of whooping cough. Antibiotic course for a period of 10-14 days is enough to overcome these severe coughing attacks.
Measles
This is a contagious viral infection that makes its presence felt by causing a skin rash all over the body. After contracting the viral infection, the child initially shows a red rash on the facial area. It then slowly spreads and covers the chest and eventually the lower part of the body. Apart from causing all over body rash, the viral infection can also lead to high fever, runny nose and persistent cough. As such there are no prescription medications to treat the infections and so, treatment mainly aims at relieving the symptoms.
List of Common Digestive Diseases
The list of common digestive diseases is not restricted to those mentioned above. Quite a few people in United State, complain about the following diseases that interfere with normal digestion.
- Heartburn
- Food poisoning
- Lactose intolerance
- Colon Cancer
- Stomach Cancer
With more and more people getting addicted to smoking, lung infections too have become in both developed and developing countries. Some of them are given below:
- Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Sinusitis
- High blood pressure
- Rheumatic fever
- Atherosclerosis
Skin diseases are likely to occur when there is inadequate water intake and the diet is loaded in an unhealthy fats. Some of the common skin diseases are given below:
- Eczema
- Acne
- Psoriasis
- Dry skin
- Dandruff
- Nail Fungus
- Scabies
- Skin rashes
- Hyperpigmentation on face
Blood disorders that reduce the circulation of blood due to clots have become in today's stress ridden lifestyle. Some of them are given below:
- Bacteremia
- Sepsis
- Anemia
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Staph infection
- Thalassemia
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