What do cholera, dysentery, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, typhoid, gastroenteritis, malaria and giardiasis have in common? Okay, I know, all of them are diseases - but there is something else common among them other than this fact. All of these are primarily waterborne diseases. Waterborne illnesses and infections are caused when various micro organisms or chemical pollutants contaminate water which is, then used for the purpose of consumption of preparing edible items such as food and beverages. Speaking about the types of waterborne diseases, all infections and diseases that are caused by contaminated water can be broadly classified into two categories - those caused by micro organisms and those caused by chemical pollutants. Let's take a brief, to-the-point look at a more detailed classification of the various categories of waterborne infections and diseases.
Different Kinds of Waterborne Diseases
As mentioned above, waterborne diseases can be classified under two broad categories - chemicals induced and microbes induced. Chemical induced diseases such as cancers and various radiation related illnesses are caused by chemical pollutants present in water. These pollutants find their way to water resources as a result of malpractices such as dumping industrial wastes in rivers and the ocean, oil and chemical spills, etc. Microbes induced diseases such as various stomach and digestive disorders, typhoid and other pathogenic infections are caused by harmful bacteria, viruses or waterborne parasites and protozoans. That being said, let's take a brief look at each type of waterborne pathogen and infectant.
Chemical Water Contamination and Resulting Diseases
Too much arsenic in drinking water can lead to condition known as arsenicosis which takes over the body gradually. Also, pollutant chemicals such as ammonia, detergents, industrial chemical waste, petroleum spills, chemical fertilizers, etc. also lead to adverse health effects such as various types of cancers, skin diseases and various toxic syndromes on consumption of such chemically contaminated water. Usually, no immediate effect or symptom is usually evident and by the time the effects are seen, the poisoning assumes serious proportions. Other common chemical water contaminants include chloroform, food processing waste, insecticides and chemical pesticides, industrial and chlorinated solvents, etc.
Pathogenic Water Contamination and Resultant Diseases
Waterborne pathogenic organisms and related diseases can be further broken up into four distinct subcategories - bacterial, viral, parasitic and protozoal. Let's take a quick look at each sub category.
- Bacterial Infections: The most common waterborne bacterial diseases are typhoid fever, dysentery, salmonellosis, swimmer's ear (Otitis Externa), E.Coli infection, botulism, cholera, campylobacteriosis, Legionnaire's disease, Pontiac fever, leptospirosis, Vibrio illness, etc. While most of these are caused by drinking contaminated water, some diseases such as swimmer's ear, botulism and Vibrio illness can be contacted when the pathogenic bacteria enters the host through any broken skin or topical wound.
- Viral Infections: Some of the most common viral infections contacted from water contaminated with pathogenic viruses include Hepatitis A, acute gastroenteritis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Hepatitis E, polio, Polyomavirus infection (causes problems of the kidneys, brain and respiratory organs), viral pneumonia, common cold, bronchitis and croup (all the latter 4 diseases are caused by the adenovirus).
- Parasitic Infections: Parasitic infections that can be transmitted on consuming or coming in contact with contaminated water include snail fever (bilharziosis), Taeniasis or tapeworm infection, Guniea worm disease (Dracunculiasis), roundworm infection (Ascariasis), intestinal fluke (Fasciolopsiasis), dwarf tapeworm infection (Hymenolepiasis), river blindness, enterobiasis, coenurosis, Hydatid disease, etc.
- Protozoal Diseases: Hand-to-mouth disease or amoebic dysentery (Amoebiasis), giardiasis, cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis are the most common portozoal diseases that are contacted from contaminated water. Another disease, Microsporidiosis, is not that common and rarely affects individuals with a strong immune system. It mostly infects immunocompromised individuals by way of an opportunistic infection.
Keeping this in mind, it is best to strive for prevention of such diseases by making sure that the water that is meant for consumption is adequately sanitized and treated to keep it free from microbial pathogens. For this purpose, water purifying units that kill all micro organisms in water should be installed. In absence of such units, drinking water should be boiled and stored in clean, sterilized vessels. Also, for preventing chemical contamination, proper industrial waste management and waste treatment should be resorted to instead of irresponsibly dumping all the industrial garbage into rivers. Also, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticide should be stopped and organic agricultural methods should be promoted as they keep both water and soil clean.
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www.cdc.gov/healthywater/disease/type.htmlJul 09, 2012 Education and information about water-related diseases, contaminants, and injuries - listing by type of disease.
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www.rightdiagnosis.com Diseases Waterborne DiseasesTypes of Waterborne Diseases including less common types and symptoms and diagnosis of the correct subtype.
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www.medindia.net/patients/waterborne/waterborne_types.htmRating: 3.8/5 128 reviewsEncyclopedia section of medindia explains in brief about the different types of water borne diseases
Waterborne Diseases - YouTube
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lbeedovftqghttp://www.digitalpictureforum.com/ http://www.survivalistboards.com/show... If you were to drink this water, what kind of waterborne diseases would you ...
How to Prevent Waterborne Diseases eHow
www.ehow.com Health Conditions & Treatments DiseasesWaterborne diseases are diseases or illnesses caused by ingesting contaminated water. The water itself can be directly or indirectly contaminated by pathogenic ...
Microbial agents associated with waterborne diseases.
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What are two types of waterborne diseases - The Q&A wiki
wiki.answers.com Categories HealthWaterborne diseases are numerous, and they result from consumption of contaminated water. Cholera Cholera is an acute waterborne disease caused by the cholera ...
Waterborne Disease Global Hydration
globalhydration.com/resources/waterbone-diseaseWhen it comes to protecting your health from unsafe drinking water, you need to know as much as possible about the types of waterborne bacteria, viruses and cysts ...
Major Infectious Diseases food or waterborne diseases statistics ...
www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_maj_inf_dis_foo_or_wat_disacquired through eating or drinking on the local economy: Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; spread through consumption of ...
Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens - The National Academies
www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11010&page=164Microbial water quality indicators are used in a variety of ways within public health risk assessment frameworks, including assessment of potential hazard, exposure ...
Types of Milk - Types of milk based on fat content Medindia
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Waterborne Disease: Epidemiology and Ecology - Paul Hunter ...
books.google.co.in Medical Infectious DiseasesWater borne disease is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide every year. Within both developed and developing countries the demand for clean drinking and ...
WHO: Waterborne Disease is World's Leading Killer
www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2005-03-17-voa34-67381152/274768.htmlThe World Health Organization says that every year more than 3.4 million people die as a result of water related diseases, making it the leading cause of disease and ...
Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech
www.lenntech.comLenntech provides water treatment solutions for all type of applications, from domestic equipment to industrial turnkey plants up to 5000 m3/day.
Bacteria In Well Water and Waterborne Diseases
www.clean-water-for-laymen.com/bacteria-in-well-water.htmlBacteria in well water and other pathogens cause a variety of diseases. Waterborne diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria in well water, viruses ...
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www.aquaticcommunity.com/disease/fwInformation and articles about freshwater fish diseases and their treatment.
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www.clean-water-for-laymen.com/types-of-water-contamination.htmlMany types of water contamination can impact human health, and social and economic development
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www.buzzle.com/articles/diseases-and-disordersDiseases and Disorders Medical reference with alphabetical list of diseases, disorders, illness and injuries with common medical conditions explained.
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www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11010&page=109Past efforts to develop and implement indicators of waterborne pathogens have often given little or no consideration to the role of evolution in the ecology and ...
Water and Germs - Diseases - MWRA - Home
www.mwra.state.ma.us/germs/germ10.htmDiseases: Responsible pathogen: Route of exposure: Mode of transmission: Pneumonia: Streptococcus ...
Waterborne illnesses - Risks of Waterborne Illnesses in Pools
www.swimming-pool-care.com/waterborne-illnesses.htmlWaterborne Illnesses Waterborne diseases caused by various bacteria, viruses and protozoa usually occur as a result of inadequately treated pools and spas. Other ...
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