What is Brucellosis? ~ Breast Cancer

Brucellosis is an infectious disease that originates in animals and further attacks human beings. It is so named because the causative agent is a bacterium of the kind Brucella. It is usually seen to affect domestic animals like dogs, goats, cattle and pigs. The disease is omnipresent and generally widespread in developing nations. In the 19th century, it was called Malta fever or Mediterranean fever. From the 20th century, it was referred to as undulant fever. The reason was that the fever falls and rises over some weeks in untreated patients.

Brucellosis in Cattle
Cattle fall prey to this disease due to the bacteria Brucella abortus. Presence of these bacteria can lead to abortions, arthritis of joints or weak progeny. Abortions occur due to two reasons - infections in the placenta and fetus or absence of anti-Brucella activity in the amniotic fluid. In males, this bacteria is found in the reproductive system. The Brucella milk ring test is carried out to separate the infected animals. Those which are infected are usually killed. Veterinary doctors should vaccinate the young cattle to bring the situation under control.

Brucellosis in Dogs
Brucella canis is the bacteria that is found in dogs. It propagates due to breeding and contact with aborted fetuses. Generally, the genitals and lymphatic system is affected. However, the kidney, eye and intervertebral disc may also suffer. In females, abortion takes place. In males, the testicles and scrotum are inflamed. Both contract fever. Blood testing before the breeding season begins is done to minimize spread of this disease.

Spread of the Disease

consumption of untreated or contaminated milk and its derived products
direct contact with infected goats, sheep, bison, cattle, camels, pigs and dogs. The bacteria can penetrate through normal human skin
direct contact with carcasses of above animals
childbirth rests

Symptoms
Similar to other feverish diseases, the symptoms are:

fluctuating fever
sweating with an odor similar to wet hay
muscular and body pain
headache and anorexia
weakness and depression

These may last for some weeks or years. In the first stage, septicaemia, migratory arthralgia and myalgia occur. Blood tests reveal anemia, leukopenia and raise of AST and ALT. In the absence of treatment, brucellosis becomes chronic or causes focalizations in joints and/or bones or spondylodisciitis of lumbar spine.

Diagnosis
Detection of this disease depends on various factors like

Blood culture in tryptose broth and bone marrow cultures - the brucellae are highly infective and the laboratory personnel must be on the alert
Classic Huddleson, Bengal Rose and/or Wright reactions - ELISA or 2-mercaptoethanol assay is used for IgM antibodies
Osteophytosis or degradation of antero-superior corner of lumbar vertebrae
Granulomatous hepatitis

Treatment
Following antibiotics have been proved to be effective

rifampicin
tetracyclins
gentamicin
streptomycin

These should be prescribed for many weeks due to the incubation of bacteria in the cells. For adults, the gold standard treatment is prescribed. It includes

intramuscular injections of streptomycin - daily 1 gram for 14 days
oral dose of doxycycline - daily 100 mg twice for 45 days
if streptomycin is unavailable, then intramuscular injection of gentamicin 5 mg/kg - daily once for 7 days
alternatively, oral dose of doxycycline and rifampin - daily twice for minimum 6 weeks

Prevention
There are a couple of ways to prevent Brucellosis.

pasteurizing all the milk (pure form or derived form like cheese) that is consumed by human beings
cent percent cleanliness in production of raw milk products

Brucellosis Causes, Symptoms, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment,
www.medicinenet.com/brucellosis/article.htm
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the Brucella bacteria. Read about the history of brucellosis, its symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
DBMD - Brucellosis - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/brucellosis_g.htm
Nov 13, 2012 Factsheet with cause, transmission, prevention, symptoms, and treatment.
Cattle Diseases - Brucellosis
cattletoday.info/brucellosis.htm
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Brucellosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis
Brucellosis, also called Bang's disease, Crimean fever, Gibraltar fever, Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever, rock fever, or undulant fever, is a highly ...
Brucellosis: Symptoms and Treatment - WebMD - Better
www.webmd.com WebMD Home A to Z Guides
WebMD explains the symptoms and treatment of brucellosis, a bacterial infection that can be spread from animals to humans.
Brucellosis - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Home Diseases and Conditions
Aug 24, 2011 Brucellosis is an infectious disease that occurs from contact with animals carrying Brucella bacteria.
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CDC - Home - Brucellosis - Centers for Disease Control and
www.cdc.gov/brucellosis
Nov 12, 2012 Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. Provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Brucellosis - Diseases & Conditions - Medscape Reference
emedicine.medscape.com/article/213430-overview
Feb 28, 2013 Brucellosis. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella.
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Treatment of human brucellosis: systematic review and meta ...
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AbstractObjectives To determine and quantify differences in efficacy between treatment regimens for brucellosis.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of ...
Brucellosis (undulant fever, Malta fever) - Blue Book - Infectious ...
ideas.health.vic.gov.au/bluebook/brucellosis.asp
Guidelines for the control of brucellosis. ... Page content: Victorian statutory requirement Infectious agent Identification Incubation period Public health ...
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www.vetinfo.com Dogs Reproduction Prenatal
Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Information. Brucellosis Brucellosis is a disease caused by a bacteria, Brucella canis. It is found throughout the world.
Brucellosis Clinical Presentation - Diseases & Conditions ...
emedicine.medscape.com/article/213430-clinical
Feb 28, 2013 A careful history is the most helpful tool in the diagnosis of brucellosis. The history should include both assessment of any risk factors present and ...
Elk with Brucellosis information area - Montana Fish, Wildlife &
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Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle Symptoms, Diagnosis & Prevention
www.veterinarytechinfo.com/brucellosis-dairy-cattle
Brucellosis or Bangs disease is a highly contagious disease of cattle and buffaloes producing stormy abortions. The causative bacteria is Brucella abortus in ...
Brucellosis Factsheet - NSW Health
www0.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheets/infectious/brucellosis.html
Brucellosis is an infection that can be transmitted to humans from some animals such as cows, sheep, goats and pigs. While this disease is common in many parts of the ...
Brucellosis - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment of Brucellosis -
health.nytimes.com Times Health Guide b
Brucellosis is an infectious disease that occurs from contact with animals carrying Brucella bacteria.
Brucellosis in humans and animals
www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf PDF file
Brucellosis in humans and animals World Organisation for Animal Health Brucellosis in humans and animals Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
A review of gastrointestinal manifestations of Brucellosis Aziz S ...
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Official Journal of Saudi Gastroenterology Association. ... Brucellosis is hyperendemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with more than 8,000 cases reported each ...
Brucellosis: Symptoms and Treatment - WebMD - Better
www.webmd.com WebMD Home A to Z Guides
WebMD explains the symptoms and treatment of brucellosis, a bacterial infection that can be spread from animals to humans.
Brucellosis in dogs - AC Tropical Fish & Aquarium
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