Friday, November 8, 2013

How Was Breast Cancer Discovered?

Breast Cancer

    Breast cancer is a malignant growth that begins in the flesh and tissue of the breast. Cancer is when a cell's normal division and reproduction goes out of control, becoming cancerous. Breast cancer is currently one of the largest threats to a woman's health, and it's the most common type of cancer in the United States after lung cancer. Breast cancer can also occur in both men and women, but it is overwhelmingly more common in women, effecting nearly 1 in 8. Breast cancer is also a very old disease, going back nearly as far as recorded human history.

Ancient History

    A document referred to as the "Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus" details a variety of cases of breast cancer that took place in ancient Egypt between the years 3000 and 2500 B.C. This document detailed that tumors of the breast were removed from women in Egypt through cauterization, and the papyrus detailed the procedures that were done. Even as recently as 400 B.C., Hippocrates (the physician who the Hippocratic Oath is named for) was arguing that it is better to leave cancerous growths longer in a person, because excising them too soon could kill the patient.

Recent History

    It would be hundreds of years before the medical community developed the knowledge and the technology to learn more about how breast cancer works. In the 1600s and 1700s work was done by a variety of doctors who learned that cancer of the breast was linked with the lymph nodes in the armpit. In the late 1800s the technique of a mastectomy (the removal of the infected breast and underlying tissue) became a treatment for breast cancer. Radical mastectomies (the removal of both breasts and underlying tissue) were a common procedure until the 1970s, when understanding of cancer moved forward yet again.



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