A tumor is a mass developed from extra tissue. It may be discovered during an exam by a physician or through a self-exam of the breasts. The doctor will order a biopsy to further identify the mass. If a pathologist determines that the tumor contains cancer cells (is malignant), it is graded. A breast cancer tumor grading is a combination of the tubule formation, mitotic rate and nuclear grade of the tissue.
System
The Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) system was used exclusively to grade breast cancer tumors for many years. Pathologists are now using other types of grading for breast cancer. These include the Elston-Ellis and Black method. The Nottingham grading is yet another slightly modified version of SBR. All of these are histological tumor grade systems.
Significance
When a tumor is graded, the cancer cells are classified to make a determination of their abnormalities and how quickly it is likely to spread. The grading used for breast cancer is a bit different from that used for other tumors. It is used in conjunction with staging of the cancer (how far it has spread) to determine the best course of treatment.
Grades
Breast cancer tumors are graded on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 as the least severe. In Grade 1 is considered well differentiated, with cells that are not growing quickly. Grade 2 is moderately differentiated, growing a bit faster. A Grade 3 indicates that the cells are poorly differentiated. A Grade 3 cancer cell looks abnormal and is more likely to spread and grow rapidly.
Use
SBR breast cancer tumor grading and its modifications are used for cancers that are invasive, not in situ cancer. For ductal carcinoma in situ (called "DCIS"), a nuclear grade is sometimes given. This type of grading will indicate the areas of cancer cells that are degenerating as in an aggressive cancer. It also is more accurate in its description of the abnormal cancer cells. Nuclear grading is also used to define cancers like DCIS that are more likely to return.
Considerations
Though there are different grading methods used, they all use the same principle with the objective to define the growth of the cancer cells. When pathologists are grading tumors, they also look at the surrounding tissue (and lymph nodes) to complete the process. If high grades are found in the tumor and nearby tissue, the cancer will be staged higher and considered more aggressive
Breast cancer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerBreast cancer is a type of cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk.
WebMD Breast Cancer Center: Types, Symptoms, Causes,
www.webmd.com WebMD Home Cancer Health CenterThe five year survival rate of breast cancer is over 90% when caught early. Get in-depth breast cancer information here including symptoms
Histological Grading of Breast Cancer - Center for Comparative ...
ccm.ucdavis.edu/bcancercd/311/grading_diagram.htmlWithin the last decade, histologic grading has become widely accepted as a powerful indicator of prognosis in breast cancer. The majority of tumor grading ...
Stage 1, Grade 3 breast cancer - Breast Cancer - MedHelp
www.medhelp.org/posts/Breast-Cancer/Stage-1--Grade-3-breast-cancer/...my wife was diagnosed with stage 1, grade 3 breast cancer at the age of 31. She's had chemotherapy and a lumpectomy and is currently on regular (four times a year ...
Breast Cancer Research
breast-cancer-research.comOnline and print journal covering topics of basic and clinical research relevant to breast cancer. Research articles are free to all users.
Breast Cancer Topic: tumor markers - Breastcancer.org
community.breastcancer.org/forum/62/topic/723741?page=2Breast Cancer Discussion Forums - Access the shared knowledge of thousands of people affected by breast cancer
Breast Cancer Topic: 2.3 cm. tumor takes how long to grow?
community.breastcancer.org/forum/96/topic/748324Breast Cancer Discussion Forums - Access the shared knowledge of thousands of people affected by breast cancer
Breast Cancer Home Page - National Cancer Institute
www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breastInformation about breast cancer treatment, prevention, genetics, causes, screening, clinical trials, research and statistics from the National Cancer Institute.
Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ) - National Cancer Institute
www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/Patient/page2Expert-reviewed information summary about the treatment of breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Tumor Markers eHow - eHow How to Videos ...
www.ehow.com Health Cancer Breast CancerIf you or a loved one has been diagnosed with breast cancer, the vast majority of your energy will go toward forcing the disease into remission. However, a sizable ...
Stage 1, Grade 3 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma - Breast Cancer -
www.medhelp.org/posts/Breast-Cancer/Stage-1--Grade-3-Invasive...My mom has IDC, Stage 1, Grade 3, ER and PR postive, HER2 negative, no lymph node involvement. A lumpectomy with sentinel node biopsy was performed to remove the 1 ...
2.1 cm tumor - Surgery - Breast Cancer - HealthCentral.com ...
www.healthcentral.com Breast Cancer Treatment SurgeryHad 2.1 cm tumor removed in May. Surgeon said he got all of cancer and surrounding tissue. Had PET scan and that was clean. July had lym...
Breast Cancer Research Full text Breast cancer prognostic ...
breast-cancer-research.com/content/12/4/207Review Breast cancer prognostic classification in the molecular era: the role of histological grade
Breast Cancer Cancer.Net
www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/treatmentOncologist-approved cancer information from the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Breast Tumor Malignant Breast Neoplasm Breast Cancer
www.knowcancer.com/tumor/breast-tumorCancerous tumors found in the breast are also known as malignant breast neoplasm. These tumors are most commonly found in the lining of the breasts milk ducts.
Susan G. Komen Understanding Breast Cancer Diagnosis
ww5.komen.org/TripleNegativeBreastCancer.htmlAlthough still in the early stage of research, molecular breast cancer subtypes may become useful in planning treatment and developing new therapies. One theory ...
Stages of Breast Cancer
www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/diagnosis/stagingStage is usually expressed as a number on a scale of 0 through IV with stage 0 describing non-invasive cancers that remain within their original location and ...
Breast Cancer Diagnosis Basics MyBreastCancerTreatment.org
www.mybreastcancertreatment.org/en-US/UnderstandingBreastCancer/...Breast Cancer Basics: A comprehensive resource to help you understand breast cancer, from symptoms and treatments to recurrence and metastasis. This
Breast Cancer: Characterizing the Tumor Memorial Sloan
www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/adult/breast/characterizing-tumorIf breast cancer is found, several other tests can help to fully characterize the type of tumor and how advanced it is. This helps us personalize your care to the ...
Serum Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer: Are They of Clinical
www.clinchem.org/content/52/3/345.fullAbstract. Background: Although multiple serum-based tumor markers have been described for breast cancer, such as CA 15-3, BR 27.29 (CA27.29),
Boswellia sacra essential oil induces tumor cell-specific ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/221717821. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011 Dec 15;11:129. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-129. Boswellia sacra essential oil induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis and suppresses ...
Breast Healing & Health Information - Reversing cancer, lumps ...
www.breasthealing.infoRecovery from breast cancer, lumps, fibroids, and tumors naturally without invasive treatments
Cancer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CancerCancer i known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow ...
Susan G. Komen Understanding Breast Cancer
ww5.komen.org/understandingbreastcancerguide.htmlThe Understanding Breast Cancer Guide provides an overview of the entire Understanding Breast Cancer section to give you quick access to areas of particular ...
0 comments:
Post a Comment